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March 3, 2006

Privacy case notes

The Federal Privacy Commissioner has published case notes 1 – 4, 2006.

The cases relate to personal information handled by a credit provider, a banking institution, insurance company and an Australian Government agency.

Of particular interest is D v Banking Institution [2006] PrivCmrA 4 in which the complainant alleged that the banking institution was gathering unnecessary marital status information for the purposes of opening a deposit account.

The banking institution advised the complainant that it was unable to open the account without entering information into the ‘marital status’ field on its computer system. It offered a ‘workaround’ as system changes could not occur quickly. (The workaround was that it would use the response of “single” in the mandatory data field, and it would include a note stating that the entry may not reflect actual marital status.)

The Commissioner’s view was that the collection of marital status information for the purposes of opening a deposit account was unnecessary. The banking institution agreed that the collection of marital status information would not be considered necessary for its functions or activities; in this case because the complainant’s marital status had no bearing on the complainant’s eligibility to open the account. In consultation with the Commissioner the banking institution agreed that it would change its computer system so that when individuals applied for a deposit account, they would no longer be required to disclose their marital status if they did not wish to. Further the banking institution agreed to report to the Commissioner on the progress of the implementation program and would also raise the matter with its industry body as it appeared to be an industry-wide practice.

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Posted 3rd March 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Privacy

APRA releases new “fit and proper” prudential standards for ADI’s , life companies and general insurers

The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) has released three new fit and proper standards: APS 520 Fit and Proper (for authorised deposit-taking institutions), LPS 520 Fit and Proper (for life companies) and GPS 520 Fit and Proper (for general insurers). The standards come into effect from 1 October 2006.

The framework consists of principles-based prudential standards and separate prudential practice guides, which provide non-binding guidance on meeting these new standards and on prudent practices in fit and proper matters.

Prudential Practice Guide APG 520 Fit And Proper (ADI’s)
General Insurance Prudential Practice Guides
Life Insurance Prudential Practice Guides

The new standards are aimed at enhancing the calibre of those charged with running APRA-regulated institutions. The standards establish a minimum benchmark for acceptable practice in the appointment of Board directors, senior management, and certain auditors and actuaries. Key elements of the new standards are:

* regulated institutions must have their own policies, and take all prudent steps, to ensure their responsible persons are fit and proper;
* the fitness and propriety of a responsible person must generally be assessed prior to initial appointment and reassessed annually; and
* additional criteria must be met for the appointment of certain auditors and actuaries.

The standards involve only minimal reporting requirements.

In developing its framework, APRA has harmonised its requirements with ASIC’s fit and proper regime for responsible officers, where possible. The prudential practice guides confirm that in assessing a responsible person, an institution can give weight to another regulator’s assessment, or information collected for that assessment, where it is current and relevant.

APRA itself has powers to remove a responsible person who it considers is not fit and proper. “APRA will not be vetting appointments and we see our powers as reserve powers – to be used when an institution is unable or unwilling to take action itself”, APRA Chair Dr Laker said.

In February under its existing powers APRA announced the disqualification of a former credit union director from acting as a director or senior manager of an authorised deposit-taking institution (ADI) or the Australian operations of a foreign ADI.

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Posted 3rd March 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Corporate Governance, Financial Services

February 28, 2006

Corporate governance update

Whilst reviews of corporate laws continue post-HIH and James Hardie, real world developments such as Telstra, AWB and Westpoint are raising new issues and fresh perspectives.

So it is worth recapping where the various reviews are up to:

1. Corporate Social Responsibility:

CAMAC issued a discussion paper in November 2005 and the time for submissions has now closed.

In summary the key issue is whether the law should be changed (from companies only being obliged to consider the interests of shareholders) to give companies the right to consider "social" issues or to oblige companies to consider interests of persons other than shareholders or to simply require additional reporting on social and environmental issues.

Interestingly the Discussion Paper made reference to overseas anti-bribery guidelines.

CAMAC’s report is not expected before the middle of this year.

Separately, the Parliamentary Joint Committee’s report on CSR is now due on 15 June 2006.

2. Duties of company officers below board level

The CAMAC report on this issue is now expected by April.

In summary, the issue is whether the duties of directors should be extended to employees.

3. Personal liability for corporate fault

The CAMAC report on this issue is also expected by April.

In summary, this issue relates to whether company directors should be personally liable for company offences even if they had no personal involvement.

The Discussion Paper usefully lists state legislation where this situation already applies (mainly tax, workplace health and safety, fair trading, environment and hazardous goods).

Court decisions on shareholder rights

Separate from any non-judicial reviews, the courts of course continue to interpret the law.

In this area, Australian shareholder class actions (by which shareholders sue the company they invested in) are continuing. Most recently the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia confirmed the right to compensation by shareholders under section 729 of the Corporations Act for misleading or deceptive statements in a prospectus in Cadence Asset Management Pty Ltd v Concept Sports Limited [2005] FCAFC 265

Damages can also be claimed by shareholders under section 674(2) of the Corporations Act (relating to breaches of a company’s continuous disclosure obligations).

On 27 February the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia in Sons of Gwalia Limited (Subject to Deed
of Company Arrangement) v Margaretic [2006] FCAFC 17
affirmed that an on-market purchaser (as opposed to
a subscribing shareholder) of shares can in a winding up prove for damages against the company
for the misrepresentation which induced the purchase and so have claims in damages or for compensation
for contraventions of s 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth),
s 1041H of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) or s 12DA of the
Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 (Cth).

Further, the Full Court decided that such claimants were not claiming in their capacity as members but as third parties and therefore did not rank in priority after creditors under Section 563A Corporations Act.
 

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Posted 28th February 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Corporate Governance

February 21, 2006

Mandatory comparison rates extended for 1 year

The Uniform Consumer Credit Code Management Committee reports that the Ministerial Council of Consumer Affairs has agreed to extend the sunset date for comparison rates for a year until June 2007. An extension of a year was agreed to accommodate the possibility that the Queensland Government may call an election in the interim.

A draft of the amendment to the Code has been formulated and will be introduced in the early part of 2006.

Consultation on the Preliminary Impact Statement has now closed however a copy of the paper is still available. Hawkless Consulting will consider the submissions which will inform the drafting of the Final Decision Making Preliminary Impact Statement to be provided to MCCA for consideration and decision.

Previous story

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Posted 21st February 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Financial Services

February 18, 2006

Westpoint: a gap in regulation or a failure of supervision?

It is now official: Westpoint Corporation Pty Ltd will be wound up and the estimated 3600 "investors" (principally retirees) will lose their money (totalling around $300 million).

It appears that that the promoters raised funds by issuing promissory notes (unsecured IOU’s) for amounts of at least $50,000 so that they would not have to comply with the debenture rules in the Corporations Act.

The funds were raised for property developments around the country. The investments were not secured against the developments and it appears that funds raised for one development were mixed with funds for other develoipments. The Corporations Act Managed Investment Scheme rules were not complied with.

Retirees were targeted through financial planners who were paid commissions. Some investors borrowed on the security of their home.

It is likely that financial planners and perhaps the Westpoint auditor will be sued in a class action.

Meanwhile ASIC is on the defensive over its apparent surveillance and supervision failure .

Yes, people can be greedy and invest unwisely. But ASIC’s role is to enforce consumer protection laws and ensure that promoters comply with the rules and that advisers give advice appropriate to their clients.

UPDATE 22 February: class action announced

UPDATE 14 April: ASIC Bulletin and update on court action

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Posted 18th February 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Financial Services

February 14, 2006

Food Law

As regulations get more and more complex and specialised I am pleased to be able to point to FoodLegal as a source of information on Australian food regulations and labelling.

In particular I recommend you subscribe to their email bulletin if you have an interest in the area: the February Bulletin includes articles on toxic contamination of fish in Sydney Harbour, organic food labelling and the law of giving food to charity.

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Posted 14th February 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Trade Practices

January 31, 2006

Remuneration disclosure for listed companies

ASIC has announced relief to assist listed companies in reporting director and executive remuneration disclosures.

ASIC Class Order [CO 06/50] Transfer of remuneration information into directors’ report will apply to listed companies preparing financial reports under Chapter 2M of the Corporations Act (the Act).

The class order will allow listed companies to transfer remuneration information required to be disclosed in the financial report under accounting standard AASB 124 Related Party Disclosures
into the directors’ report. This will enable listed companies to combine the remuneration disclosures required by accounting standards with those already required to be included in the directors’ report
under s.300A of the Act.

Companies will be able to reduce the duplication of remuneration information between the directors’ report and the financial report, and present the information in a manner that is more convenient to users of their annual reports.

The ASIC relief is of an interim nature. Class Order [06/50] will apply for financial years ending from 31 December 2005 to 31 March 2006 inclusive.

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Posted 31st January 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance

January 25, 2006

Was ASIC’s FSR implementation a failure?

The Financial Services Reform Act (FSRA) became law on 27 September 2001, but the commencement date for most of the provisions of FSR was 11 March 2002. From that date, a 2 year transitional arrangement applied to the important licensing requirements.

The transitional period ended on 10 March 2004 so that from 11 March 2004, anyone who
conducted a financial services business or operated a financial market needed to be appropriately licensed under the FSR laws.

ASIC set up a taskforce to supervise the transition including the assessment of licence applications. Potential licensees were urged not to delay lodging their applications.

ASIC received Budget funding of $63 million over the years 2001–02 to 2005–06. This included funds for licensing and for granting relief from licensing, for surveillance and enforcement, and for the development of industry guidance.

How effective and efficient was ASIC’s implementation of Australian financial services licences?

The Australian National Audit Office has released its Audit Report, ASIC’s Implementation of Financial Services Licences(pdf). The audit examined ASIC’s planning for the introduction of financial services licences; the roles of the Department of the Treasury and ASIC in defining the effective scope of licensing; ASIC’s assessment and processing of licence applications; and ASIC’s supervision of licensees.

By the transition deadline of 10 March 2004, ASIC had issued 3738 financial services licences. By 30 June 2004, this had risen to 3853 financial services licences. The number of licences had risen to 4135 by 30 June 2005.

Over the transition period, ASIC granted 953 licences after a full assessment process, granted another 909 licences under a limited licence assessment process, and streamlined 1 875 old licences into new licences.

Two-thirds of all the licences granted during the two year transition period were granted during the last six months. According to ANAO, ASIC successfully dealt with the late influx, and the "generally poor standard of applications", by reallocating resources from other activities, such as the surveillance of licensees (so that surveillance staff could be available to achieve licensing targets), and by curtailing analysts’ scrutiny of applications (to reduce processing time).

However ANAO concluded that ASIC’s licence systems did not properly record critical elements of its licence decisions, such as ASIC’s assessment of the applicant’s character or its assessment of the applicant’s evidence that they could meet their licence obligations. Overall, important regulatory risks were not systematically addressed until after the end of the transition period.

ANAO estimates that ASIC’s processing of relief applications consumed four times the resources initially anticipated. In this context, ASIC advised ANAO in September 2005 that, while it significantly over-estimated the number of relief applications, it also significantly under-estimated the complexity of the applications for relief that were sought.

According to the report, ASIC has been unable to reach its surveillance targets due, in part, to the low initial take-up of financial services licences. ASIC’s records show 1 596 surveillances of financial services licensees since mid-2002 (when the first licences were issued) until June 2005, representing 54 per cent of its target to that date. The late transition of existing licensees significantly curtailed surveillance, reducing the population subject to surveillance and diverting surveillance resources to licence processing. In December 2005, ASIC advised ANAO that it expects to undertake approximately 1 200 surveillance activities in relation to financial services licensees in the 2005–06 financial year.

ANAO has made seven recommendations, six to ASIC alone. Of these, three are aimed at improving the documentation of ASIC’s licence processing, the useability of its public licensee database and the reporting of ASIC’s compliance performance. The remainder focus on improving ASIC’s processes for identifying and managing regulatory risks.

Treasury and ASIC are the joint respondents to the remaining recommendation, that they consider the benefits of making licence applicants’ certifications more enforceable than at present.

ASIC agreed with the recommendations and advised the ANAO that it had implemented the recommendations relating to it and was restructuring its activities.

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Posted 25th January 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Financial Services

January 24, 2006

Allianz Australia Insurance, Australia: one of 10 best designed intranets

Allianz Australia Insurance, Australia has been named by internet design expert Jakob Nielsen as having one of the 10 best designed corporate intranets of 2006.

Whilst I have not seen the intranet, I suspect that Allianz has developed it at least partly for compliance and productivity reasons.

Nielsen says that a "trend this year was an increased use of training areas on intranets. The best designs often locate traditional training options and e-learning in one area. After all, from a user’s perspective, what’s important is learning — regardless of whether it takes place online or in a classroom. Many intranets also offer special training areas to help new employees learn about their new companies…

Enhancing e-learning user interface controls in this manner is important: people often feel disoriented or frustrated when tutorials take over their screens and don’t allow them the freedoms normally inherent in the Web (and intranet) user experiences."

As far as ROI is concerned, Nielsen notes that IBM’s "BluePages alone is estimated to save IBM $194 million per year. Of course, smaller companies wouldn’t realize quite such large savings, but it’s certainly realistic to save an hour or more per employee per month when an intranet is redesigned for usability. At typical, fully loaded hourly rates, this often results in approximate savings of $1,000 per year for each employee — a cool million for a mid-sized company with a thousand employees."

As I’ve noted before, technology is not the only answer to compliance. But if it can be designed to encourage employees to use it, compliance (and productivity) will increase.

UPDATE 17 February 2006: Allianz Australia says that their intranet was built in-house based on comments from employee focus groups which wanted their intranet to be a practical, everyday tool with a consistent look and feel, simple navigation tools, short cuts and company news. Their press release contains a screenshot of the intranet home page. There is also a link to a story about their internal e-learning program.

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Posted 24th January 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance, Financial Services

Does compliance have any value?

The growing list of regulations affecting business together with intense media and public scrutiny mean that the pressure of legal and regulatory compliance is also growing.

According to a Research Report on UK and European companies from Atos Consulting TACKLING COMPLIANCE TO REAP LONG-TERM BENEFIT, four in ten CFO’s believe the increased compliance burden is reducing their strategic business involvement and ability to perform ‘value-add’ tasks. However many also concede that the new regulations do have a positive impact upon finance and IT controls.

The report evaluates the impact of recent and forthcoming international accounting regulations (such as IFRS and Sarbanes-Oxley) on Europe’s leading companies.

It concludes that "companies will start seeing new opportunities as a result of having improved their operational processes and business support infrastructures – for example through improvements in capital allocations and a reduction in operational risks and losses. The result is an organisation empowered in the face of ever-changing markets and an increasingly competitive landscape."

How do you do it? Altos (as an IT provider) argues that automation and technology is the answer. In my opinion, no technology will work without the involvement of people.

As LegalLiteracy.com points out "Until there is a paradigm shift about how business views the law and
compliance, recommendations to be more proactive and legally literate
will be seen as merely one more unnecessary burden — one that is as
easily ignored as the admonition to eat more fruits and vegetables and
get more exercise.  We’d rather sit and eat cake.  It’s a lot easier
and a lot more fun." (
via Blawg Review 41)

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Posted 24th January 2006 by David Jacobson in Compliance
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